Selfhosted

My incredible hatred and rage for not understanding things powers me on the cycle of trying and failing hundreds of times till I figure it out. Then I screw it all up somehow and the cycle begins again.

All of your issues can be solved by a backup. My host went out of business. I set up a new server, pulled my backups, and was up and running in less than an hour.

I'd recommend docker compose. Each service gets its own folder inside your docker folder. All volumes are a folder in the services folder. Each night, run a script that stops all of them, starts duplicati, backs up to a remote server or webdav share or whatever, and then starts them back up again. If you want to be extra safe, back up to two locations. It's not that complicated if it's just your own services.

Right now I just play with things at a level that I don't care if they pop out of existence tomorrow.

If you want to be truly safe (at an individual level, not an institutional level where there's someone with an interest in fucking your stuff up), you need to make sure things are recoverable unless 3 completely separate things go wrong at the same time (an outage at a remote data centre, your server fails and your local backup fails). Very unlikely for all 3 to happen simultaneously, but 1 is likely to fail and 2 is forseeable, so you can fix it before the 3rd also fails.

I have a rack in my garage.

My advice, keep it simple, keep it virtual.

I dumpster dove for hardware and run proxmox on hosts. Not even clustered, just simple stand alone proxmox hosts. Connect to my Synology storage device and done.

I run next cloud for webDav contacts and calendar (fuck Google), it does photo and do. Storage. The next client is free from F-Droid for Android and works on debian desktops like a charm.

I run Minecraft server

I run home automation server

I run a media server.

Proxmox backs everything up on schedule

All I need to do is get off-site backup setup for Synology important data and I'm all set.

It's really not as hard as you think if you keep it simple

Others have said this, but it's always a work in progress.

What started out as just a spare optiplex desktop and needing a dedicated box for Minecraft and valheim servers, to now having a rack in my living room with a few key things I and others rely on. You definitely aren't alone XD

Regular, proactive work goes a long way. I also stated creating tickets for myself, each with a specific task. This way I could break things down, have reminders of what still needs attention, and track progress.

Not exactly self hosting but maintaining/backing it up is hard for me. So many “what if”s are coming to my mind. Like what if DB gets corrupted? What if the device breaks? If on cloud provider, what if they decide to remove the server?

Backups. If you follow the 3-2-1 backup strategy, you don't have to worry about anything.

Don't over think it, start small, a home server. Then add stuff, you will see that it's not that crazy.

I personally have just one home server that locally creates encrypted backups and uploads them to backblaze.

This gives me the privacy I need as everything is on my server that I own while also having the backups on a big reliable company.

It's not perfect but it fits my threat model

I started as more "homelab" than "selfhosted" as first - so I was just stuffing around playing with things, but then that seemed sort of pointless and I wanted to run real workloads, then I discovered that was super useful and I loved extracting myself from commercial cloud services (dropbox etc). The point of this story is that I sort of built most of the infrastructure before I was running services that I (or family) depended on - which is where it can become a source of stress rather than fun, which is what I'm guessing you're finding yourself in.

There's no real way around this (the pressure you're feeling), if you are running real services it is going to take some sysadmin work to get to the point where you feel relaxed that you can quickly deal with any problems. There's lots of good advice elsewhere in this thread about bit and pieces to do this - the exact methods are going to vary according to your needs. Here's mine (which is not perfect!).

• I'm running on a single mini PC & a Synology NAS setup for RAID 5
• I've got a nearly identical spare mini PC, and swap over to it for a couple of weeks (originally every month, but stretched out when I'm busy). That tests my ability to recover from that hardware failure.
• All my local workloads are in LXC containers or VM's on Proxmox with automated snapshots that are my (bulky) backups, but allow for restoration in minutes if needed.
• The NAS is backed up locally to an external USB that's not usually plugged in, and to a lower speced similar setup 300km away.
• All the workloads are dockerised, and I have a standard directory structure and compose approach so if I need to upgrade something or do some other maintenance of something I don't often touch, I know where everything is with out looking back to the playbook
• I don't use a script or Terrafrom to set those up, I've got a proxmox template with docker and tailscale etc installed that I use, so the only bit of unique infrastructure is the docker compose file which is source controlled on Forgejo
• Everything's on UPSs
• A have a bunch of ansible playbooks for routine maintenance such as apt updates, also in source control
• all the VPS workloads are dockerised with the same directory structure, and behind NGINX PM. I've gotten super comfortable with one VPS provider, so that's a weakness. I should try moving them one day. They are mostly static websites, plus one important web app that I have a tested backup strategy for, but not an automated one, so that needs addressed.
• I use a local and an external UptimeKuma for monitoring, enhanced by running a tiny server on every instance that just exposes a disk free and memory free api that can be consumed by Uptime.

I still have lots of single points of failure - Tailscale, my internet provider, my domain provider etc, but I think I've addressed the most common which would be hardware failures at home. My monitoring is also probably sub-par, I'm not really looking at logs unless I'm investigating a problem. Maybe there's a Netdata or something in my future.

You've mentioned that a syncing to a remote server for backups is a step you don't want to take, if you mean managing your own is a step you don't want to take, then your solutions are a paid backup service like backblaze or, physically shuffling external USB drives (or extra NASs) back and forth to somewhere - depending on what downtime you can tolerate.

TrueNAS scale helps a lot, as it makes many popular apps just a few clicks away. Or for more power-users, stuff like the linux cockpit also really helps.

To directly answer your questions...

• In the event of DB corruption (which hasn't happened to me yet) I would probably rollback that app to the previous snapshot. I suspect that TrueNAS having ZFS as an underlayment may help in this regard, as it actually detects bitrot and bitflips, which may be the underlying cause of such corruption.
• In the case where a device breaks... if it's a hard drive that broke, I just pop in a new one and add it to the degraded mirror set. If it's "something else" that broke, my plan is to pop one of the mirror shards into a spare PoS computer (as truenas scale runs on common x86 hardware) and deal with the ugly-factor until I repair or replace the bigger issue.
• The only way to defend against a cloud provider is replication, so plan accordingly if that is a concern.
• If by "sync'd confidentially" you mean encrypted in transit, I'm pretty sure that TrueNAS has built in replication over SSH. If you meant TNO, then you probably want to build your setup over a cryfs filesystem so no cleartext bits hit the cloud, although on second thought... it's not really meant for multi-master synchronization... my case just happens to fit it (only one device writes)... so there is probably a better choice for this.
• Setup is a hassle? Yes... just be sure that you invest that hassle into something permanent, if not something like a TrueNAS configuration (where the config gets carried along for the ride with the data) then maybe something like ansible scripts (which is machine-readable documentation). Depending on your organization skills, even hand-written notes or making your own "meta" software packages (with only dependencies & install scripts) might work. What you don't want to do is manually tweak a linux install, and then forget what is "special" about that server or what is relying on it.
• How safe is my setup? Depends... I still need to start rotating a mirror shard as an offsite backup, so not very robust against a site disaster; Security-wise... I've got a lot of private bits, and it works for my needs... as far as I know :)
• Still enthusiastic? I try to see everything as both temporary and a work-in-progress. This can be good in ways because nothing has to be perfect, but can be bad in ways that my setup at any given time is an ugly amalgamation of different experimental ideas that may or may not survive the next "iteration". For example, I still have centos 7 & python 2 stuff that needs to be migrated or obsoleted.

Absurdly safe.

Proxmox cluster, HA active. Ceph for live data. Truenas for long term/slow data.

About 600 pounds of batteries at the bottom of the rack to weather short power outages (up to 5 hours). 2 dedicated breakers on different phases of power.

Dual/stacked switches with lacp'd connections that must be on both switches (one switch dies? Who cares). Dual firewalls with Carp ACTIVE/ACTIVE connection....

Basically everything is as redundant as it can be aside from one power source into the house... and one internet connection into the house. My "single point of failures" are all outside of my hands... and are all mitigated/risk assessed down.

I do not use cloud anything... to put even 1/10th of my shit onto the cloud it's thousands a month.

My advice would be, be pragmatical, an error on a backup script I did not notice wiped the time tracking data I had been collecting on my self hosted database for over a year. I got really anxious at first, because of my mistake and because of the data lost. But at the end of the day... Who cares, life goes on, this is only a hobby.

First of all ignore the trends. Fuck docker, fuck nixos, fuck terraform or whatever tech stack gets shilled constantly.

Find a tech stack that is easy FOR YOU and settle on that. I haven't changed technologies for 4 years now and feel like everything can fit in my head.

Second of all, look at the other people using commercial services and see how stressed they are. Google banned my account, youtube has ads all the time, the app for service X changed and it's unusable and so on.

Nothing comes for free in terms of time and mental baggage

Automate as much as possible. I rsync to both an online and home NAS for all of my hosted stuff, both at home and in the cloud. Updates for the OS and low level libraries are automated. The other updates are generally manual, that allows me to set aside time for fixing problems that updates might cause while still getting most of the critical security updates. And my update schedules are generally during the day, so that if something doesn't restart properly, I can fix it.

Also, whenever possible I assume a fair amount of time for updates, far beyond what it should actually take. That way I won't be rushed to fix the problem and end up having to revert to a backup and find time later to redo it. Then most of the time I have extra time for analyzing stats to see if I can improve performance or save money with optimizations.

I've never had a remote provider just suddenly vanish though I use fairly well known hosts. And as for local hardware, I just have to do without until I can buy a replacement. Or if it's going to be some time, I do have old hardware that I could set up as a makeshift, temporary replacement like old desktop computers and some hardware that I use for experimenting like my Le Potato that isn't powerful enough for much, but ok for the short term.

And finally I've been moving to more container-based setups that are easier to get up and running again. I've been experimenting with Nomad, Docker Swarm, K3s, etc., along with Traefik and some other reverse proxies so o can keep the workers air-gapped for security.

Immutable Nixos. My entire server deployment from partitioning to config is stored in git on all my machines.

Every time I boot all runtime changes are "wiped", which is really just BTRFS subvolume swapping.

Persistence is possible, but I'm forced to deal with it otherwise it will get wiped on boot.

I use LVM for mirrored volumes for local redundancy.

My persisted volumes are backed up automatically to B2 Backblaze using rclone. I don't backup everything. Stuff I can download again are skipped for example. I don't have anything currently that requires putting a process in "maint mode" like a database getting corrupt if I backup while its being written to. When I did, I'd either script gracefully shutting down the process or use any export functionality if the process supported it.

Not safe at all. I look for robustness. I prefer thinking about things that do not break easily (like ZFS and RAIDZ) instead of "what could possibly go wrong"

And I have never quite figured out how to do restores, so I neglect backups as well.

I try to balance things between what I find enjoyable/ worth the effort, and what ends up becoming more of a recurring headache

I have limited my usecases for selfhosting and thrown money at the problem. The usecases are:

• image hosting and sharing with the family
• backups of our family computers
• digital file hosting
• media hosting

The last one is expendable. The first three are backed up into the cloud. I use a Synology, thus throwing money at the problem. Their cloud backup just works.

Edit: use cases I do not self host are a mail server for example. The stress outweighs the 12€/year I pay for the service.

It doesn't have to be hard - you just need to think methodically through each of your services and assess the cost of creating/storing the backup strategy you want versus the cost (in time, effort, inconvenience, etc) if you had to rebuild it from scratch.

For me, that means my photo and video library (currently Immich) and my digital records (Paperless) are backed up using a 2N+C strategy: a copy on each of 2 NASes locally, and another copy stored in the cloud.

Ditto for backups of my important homelab data. I have some important services (like Home Assistant, Node-RED, etc) that push their configs into a personal Gitlab instance each time there's a change. So, I simply back that Gitlab instance up using the same strategy. It's mainly raw text in files and a small database of git metadata, so it all compresses really nicely.

For other services/data that I'm less attached to, I only backup the metadata.

Say, for example, I'm hosting a media library that might replace my personal use of services that rhyme with "GetDicks" and "Slime Video". I won't necessarily backup the media files themselves - that would take way more space than I'm prepared to pay for. But I do backup the databases for that service that tells me what media files I had, and even the exact name of the media files when I "found" them.

In a total loss of all local data, even though the inconvenience factor would be quite high, the cost of storing backups would far outweigh that. Using the metadata I do backup, I could theoretically just set about rebuilding the media library from there. If I were hosting something like that, that is...

Snapshots are the first line of defense for recovery from software errors. For hardware use ZFS raid.

That still isn't a proper backup. Have a separate backup that can not easily be destroyed.