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So long as your certs are for your fully qualified domain there's no problem. I do this, as do many people
mydoman.com is fully qualified, but on my own network I override the DNS to the local address. Not a problem at all
DNS is tied to the hostname, not the IP.
Can confirm, I do this as well for my local services (especially important for Jellyfin), I just point my local DNS server at my local IP and everything works perfectly.
Another fun trick you can play is to use a private IP on your public DNS records. This is useful for Jellyfin on Chromecast for instance
it uses 8.8.8.8 for DNS lookup (and ignores your router settings), so it wants a fully qualified domain name. But it has no problem accessing local hosts, so long as it's from 8.8.8.8's record.
I suppose, but then you're kind of screwed if you want to access Jellyfin outside of your network. I suppose you could use a VPN, but it's probably easier to just not use the Chromecast (or just accept that it's going to hit the WAN regardless).
Yeah I don't expose Jellyfin over the Internet, so it doesn't matter for me, and wouldn't work at all over WAN (unless VPN'd to home network).
Also, it's all reverse proxied, and there's nothing preventing having two Jellyfin hostnames, e.g., jf-local.mydomain.com and jf-public.mydomain.com.
Then you're all clear.
I personally want my Jellyfin to be on the WAN, and I have certain devices on my internal network VPN'd to my VPS, which exposes the services I want to access remotely. But if you don't need that, using the local addr in your DNS config totally works. Getting TLS certs will be complicated, but you don't need that anyway if everything is local or over a VPN.
I just use Let's Encrypt with a wildcard domain
same certs for public and private facing domains. I'm sure this isn't best practice, but it's mostly just for me so I'm not too worried :)