Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

It's a fairly narrow definition. I haven't found any cases where the USSC defines "enemy" but, given the preceding sentence, it looks like the heavily implied definition is, "Members of a nation that is at war with the United States."

Officially, the US has only been at war 5 times. The last one was WW II.

[–] anachronist@midwest.social 2 points 3 weeks ago (1 children)

The US has extensive sanctions against Russia and Putins associates and many violators have already been prosecuted.

[–] nednobbins@lemm.ee 4 points 3 weeks ago

The US has specific sanctions against Ramzan Kadyrov and if Musk violated any of them he could be prosecuted for sanctions violations.

That would be separate from a prosecution under "succor to the enemy". As near as I can tell, that only comes into effect under the very specific case of declared wars and that sanctions alone, aren't sufficient.