this post was submitted on 11 Mar 2024
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Linux
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Use Linux, give it a try.
I recommend Fedora Kinoite or Silverblue. These are Systems built differently, they have an immutable core that is not changed and is thus very stable. You can add and remove packages, which will only be applied after a reboot, and in general keep this as minimal as possible.
You can easily reset your system to be running again.
As a mac user I recommend to use GNOME, maybe with dash-to-panel, so use Silverblue which is Fedoras "atomic" version of GNOME.
After installation you may want to rebase to ublue and their
silverblue-main
image to get more goodies.Install a distrobox with ubuntu or fedora, install
pipx
there and whatever IDE etc. you need.Explanation: Distrobox uses a Podman container, and allows to install a "separate linux distro" in there. This will be very minimal version and you can do crazy things there and your base OS will not be touched.
That way you can install Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch/AUR, Opensuse and more apps.
Using the "export" function the graphical apps will appear in your app drawer and work perfectly fine. Be sure do do a
distrobox upgrade --all
once in a while.The experience is really painfree.
On the main OS, get your rest apps as Flatpaks which are sandboxed like on Android, work very well, are up to date and also dont touch your base system.
Updates go in the background without you noticing, once you reboot you are on your updated system. If an update broke something, do
rpm-ostree rollback
and stay on that version. If you do something crazy like adding a ton of apps to the base OS, do asudo ostree admin pin 0
to always save the currently used system as a backup.It is way better than Windows, not sure about MacOS but it is for sure way more free. If you want a well working, elegant and simple desktop, GNOME / Fedora Silverblue is a very good option.
See here for documentation
Get help in Fedora Discussion
Hi, I have another MacBook Pro from the year 2011 and I want definitely to install Linux on it. In this blog https://jaslarue.blogspot.com/2020/01/installing-linux-on-2011-macbook-pro.html?m=1 they suggest to install Elementary Os. What do you think?
I dont think elementaryOS cuts it. Their desktop is too old, they use some old Ubuntu Base.
I would also go with Fedora silverblue ublue here
As I am a beginner do you think it will be difficult to set up? Sorry if this has turned into a conversation.
Dont worry. No the setup is easy, just follow these exact steps:
after reboot, open terminal again and run this
Thats it, ublue takes care of all the rest. It adds the Flathub Flatpak repository where you get your apps.
If you want apps that need to by on the system (a vpn app, some terminal tools, a different terminal, editor, filemanager etc) you can install them with
rpm-ostree install NAME
but note that this will slow down updates. I do this with about 18 packages.Updates for Flatpak apps and the system are done in the background, install and forget.
If you want to use Ubuntu, Arch, Opensuse, Debian apps safely, without breaking your system, use distrobox.
If you are in the default bash shell, you will get a list of images where you can see all the available container images. This allows you to use apps for any distro on your system, and they are not in a VM and have native performance.
This is typically used for programming (IDE, language, etc.) or compiling, or installing stuff like QGis or RStudio which are not working as Flatpak. I wrote a QGis Distrobox guide on their website, should be merged by now, for RStudio I can write another one (it downloads addons using the dnf package manager which only works on non-atomic fedora and generally is a mess)
Often you will not need Distrobox for regular stuff, if you dont do these things.
Dont install random apps that write to the system, which will not work anyways. Search for RPMs on rpmfusion (already added in ublue), COPR, OpenbuildService etc. You need RPMs for the current fedora version.
You can install GNOME extensions through the firefox addon and the flatpak extension manager.
When there is an update like Fedora 40 coming soon, wait a few weeks or months. Fedora supports 2 versions, the old one (currently 38) and the current one (currently 39). 39 will become the old one and get updates until half a year or so, and it will be more stable. 40 will get the latest stuff like GNOME 46 or Plasma6 (on the Kinoite image) and thus have more breakages.
Ublue cant upgrade for some reason, so if you hear about the new version, wait a bit and run
Again. If you want to be sure, this is how you make backups
Thank you, I'll follow the instructions. I'll let you know how it goes. Thank you again for your reply.
No problem.
Also discussion.fedoraproject.org and docs